Adhesion and friction forces in biofouling attachments to nanotube- and PEG- patterned TiO 2 surfaces

摘要

Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights?Low adhesion force is responsible for the initial attachment of biofouling.?Low friction force is favorable for removing biofouling under fluid flow.?The TiO2with nanotubular size of 20nm is good in resisting biofouling attachment.AbstractThe TiO2nanotube pattern with features down to 20nm (TN20) is highly and efficiently resistant to fibrinogen andS. aureusattachment. The ability of TN20 to resist biofouling adsorption, is due to low biofouling-surface adhesion force that determines the initial biofouling attachment, as well as the low friction coefficient that enables a complete rem