Wide Expression and Significance of Alternative Immune Checkpoint Molecules, B7x and HHLA2, in PD-L1-Negative Human Lung Cancers

摘要

Purpose: Immunotherapy targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway has changed the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We demonstrated that HHLA2, a newly identified immune inhibitory molecule, was widely expressed in NSCLC. We now compared the expression and function of PD-L1 with alternative immune checkpoints, B7x and HHLA2.