Supply chain management of mangosteen in West Java: an attempt to establish a collaborative model.

摘要

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) is a fruit with much export potential from Indonesia. While the production of mangosteen has increased from 62 000 t in 2002 and 79 000 t in 2003, the export volume has increased from 6900 t in 2001 to 7200 t in 2003. With exports to Taiwan, Hong Kong, the Middle East and the Netherlands, only 30-40% of the fruit harvested reaches export quality. Many problems appear in all segments of mangosteen production and trade, including the availability of planting materials, orchard management, harvest and post-harvest handling, and the marketing system. A study on the supply chain for mangosteen was carried out in Tasikmalaya and Bogor from September to December 2004. The objectives were to develop a supply chain to increase the income and the bargaining position of the growers. Data and information were collected through surveys, participative discussion and a review of literature. It was shown that the supply chain for mangosteen in both districts involved many actors such as: producers who sold the fruit in bulk without sorting or grading; collector agents who conducted a preliminary sorting and grading; wholesalers who carried out a final sorting and grading for export; exporters; retailers who purchased the second grade fruits for the local market; and end consumers. The conventional system of marketing lowered the bargaining position of growers. Furthermore, growers were not able to obtain additional value through improving orchard management such as fertilization and crop protection. Financial support become the crucial aspect for the sustainability of the mangosteen agribusiness. A participatory meeting held in Tasikmalaya resulted in the formation of Kemitraan Petani dan Pedagang Manggis Tasikmalaya (KPPMT), an informal institution composed of growers, collector agents and other actors in the mangosteen supply chain in Tasikmalaya. While the performance of KPPMT in the future will depend upon its creativity and motivation, it is suggested that the local government and other public institutions need to offer their support to the KPPMT..