A recent issue of Bone Marrow Transplantation included the results of a clinical trial from Minnesota of 15 pediatric patients who were transplanted with umbilical cord blood in combination with pre-expanded MSCs in an attempt to accelerate hematopoietic recovery. According to our present understanding, MSCs, osteoblasts and other stromal cells, including sinusoidal and endothelial, are responsible for supporting hematopoiesis and controlling HSC number. Therefore a co-transplantation of these cells, together with HSC, can be more effective in the reconstitu-tion of hematopoiesis. This approach is especially attractive for cases with a predicted poor engraftment due to both an insufficient number of transplanted HSCs or impaired stroma.
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