T Cells Genetically Modified to Express an Anti-B-Cell Maturation Antigen Chimeric Antigen Receptor Cause Remissions of Poor-Prognosis Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

摘要

PurposeTherapies with novel mechanisms of action are needed for multiple myeloma (MM). T cells can be genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which are artificial proteins that target T cells to antigens. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is expressed by normal and malignant plasma cells but not normal essential cells. We conducted the first-in-humans clinical trial, to our knowledge, of T cells expressing a CAR targeting BCMA (CAR-BCMA).Patients and MethodsSixteen patients received 9 x 10(6) CAR-BCMA T cells/kg at the highest dose level of the trial; we are reporting results of these 16 patients. The patients had a median of 9.5 prior lines of MM therapy. Sixty-three percent of patients had MM refractory to the last treatment regimen before protocol enrollment. T cells were transduced with a -retroviral vector encoding CAR-BCMA. Patients received CAR-BCMA T cells after a conditioning chemotherapy regimen of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine.ResultsThe overall response rate was 81%, with 63% very good partial response or complete response. Median event-free survival was 31 weeks. Responses included eradication of extensive bone marrow myeloma and resolution of soft-tissue plasmacytomas. All 11 patients who obtained an anti-MM response of partial response or better and had MM evaluable for minimal residual disease obtained bone marrow minimal residual disease-negative status. High peak blood CAR(+) cell levels were associated with anti-MM responses. Cytokine-release syndrome toxicities were severe in some cases but were reversible. Blood CAR-BCMA T cells were predominantly highly differentiated CD8(+) T cells 6 to 9 days after infusion. BCMA antigen loss from MM was observed.ConclusionCAR-BCMA T cells had substantial activity against heavily treated relapsed/refractory MM. Our results should encourage additional development of CAR T-cell therapies for MM.