In Vivo Actions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors: Glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion.

摘要

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) form a family of nuclear hormone receptors involved in energy hemostasis and lipid metabolism (1,2) and include three isotypes encoded by different genes: PPARa (chromosome 22q12-13.1), PPARbeta/delta (chromosome 6p21.2-21.1), and PPARgamma (chromosome 3p25). PPARa was the first discovered and causes cellular peroxisome proliferation in rodent livers (3), giving this receptor family its name. Upon activation, PPARs interact with retinoid X receptor to create heterodimers, which bind to a specific DNA sequence motif termed peroxisome proliferator response element (4). Peroxisome proliferator response element usually appears in promoter regions and is constructed from repeats of nucle-otide sequence AGGTCA separated by a single nucleotide.