The Impact of Preoperative alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists on Ureteral Access Sheath Insertion Force and the Upper Limit of Force Required to Avoid Ureteral Mucosal Injury: A Randomized Controlled Study

摘要

Purpose: Excessive bulking force during primary access of the ureteral access sheath may induce ureteral injury. We investigated the efficacy of preoperative alpha-blockade to reduce ureteral access sheath insertion force and determine the upper limit required to avoid ureteral injury.