The Effect of Extralumenal Safety Wires on Ureteral Injury and Insertion Force of Ureteral Access Sheaths: Evaluation Using an Ex Vivo Porcine Model

摘要

To evaluate the effect that a safety wire (SW) had on insertion force and direct ureteral trauma using ureteral access sheaths (UAS) in an ex vivo porcine model. UASs were advance into ,20 fresh ex vivo porcine kidney-ureters, either with or without SWs. The average and max force of insertion were recorded. Retrograde saline injection was used to identify the presence of lacerations. For SW ys no SW, the mean insertion force (1.79 vs 0.67, P = .0003, respectively) and max insertion force (2.29 kg vs 1.00, P = .0007) was greater in the SW group. There were 9 lacerations, 6 of which were partial and 3 complete. Of the partial injuries, 2 were in the no SW group and 4 were in the SW group. Of the complete lacerations, 2 occurred in the no SW group and 1 in the SW group. However, there was no significant difference in the total number of lacerations (P = 1.00), the number of partial lacerations (P = .628), or the number of complete lacerations (P = 1.00) between the 2 groups. The use of an SW significantly increases the force required to insert a UAS; however, it does not appear to affect the force or the degree of ureteral injury.