Maintaining low-mode symmetry control with extended pulse shapes for lower-adiabat Bigfoot implosions on the National Ignition Facility

摘要

The Bigfoot approach to indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion has been developed as a compromise trading high convergence and areal densities for high implosion velocities, large adiabats, and hydrodynamic stability. Shape control and predictability are maintained by using relatively short laser pulses and merging the shocks within the deuterium-tritium-ice layer. These design choices ultimately limit the theoretically achievable performance, and one strategy to increase the 1D performance is to reduce the shell adiabat by extending the pulse shape. However, this can result in the loss of low-mode symmetry control, as the hohlraum "bubble," the high-Z material launched by the outer-cone beams during the early part of the laser pulse, has more time to expand and will eventually intercept inner-cone beams preventing them from reaching the hohlraum waist, thus losing an equatorial capsule drive. Experiments were performed to study the shape control and predictability with extended pulse shapes in Bigfoot implosions, reducing the adiabat from nominally alpha similar to 4 to alpha similar to 3 and otherwise very similar experimental parameters. The implosion shape was measured both in-flight and at stagnation, with near-round implosions and low levels of P-2 asymmetry throughout, indicating a maintained symmetry control with extended pulse shapes.