Essential oils from leaves of micropropagated turmeric.

摘要

An elite cultivar of Curcuma longa (cv. Suroma) having high rhizome-yielding potential was collected from Orissa, India, and was micropropagated on MS medium supplemented with benzyladenine, IAA, and adenine sulfate at different concentrations. The optimum shoot multiplication was obtained from MS medium supplemented with 3 mg benzyladenine, 1 mg IAA and 50 mg adenine sulfate/litre. Hydrodistillation of in vitro-cultured turmeric leaves yielded 0.2% essential oil possessing characteristic aroma of turmeric leaf oil. The identified essential oils included alpha-phellandrene (38.5%), 1,8-cineole (8.2%), alpha-pinene (2.4%), myrcene (1.0%), linalool (0.4%), geraniol (1.5%). An effort was made to increase the oil production by increasing the leaf biomass implementing 2 different methods: (a) change in combination of plant growth regulators could enhance the biomass yield from 3 to 4 g per culture tube to 7-8 g; and (b) change in the volume of the container from 15 ml test tube to 250 ml conical flask resulted in an increase of leaf biomass to 15 g within a 2-month period. The enhancement in leaf biomass production by changing the physiological parameters resulted in an increase in the total oil production within a culture period of 2 months.