Evolution of global cooperation and ethnocentrism in group-structured populations

摘要

Global cooperation becomes more and more important in times of increased environmental awareness. However, exploiting out-group members allows ethnocentrism to be advantageous over global cooperation. The debate on which strategy, global cooperation or ethnocentrism, is more likely to persist with the increasing trend of globalization, is ongoing from the evolutionary perspective. To shed some light on this issue, we explore the influences of global migration and leadership on the emergence of global cooperation and ethnocentrism. It is found that global migration can enhance ethnocentrism while has little effect on global cooperation. Interestingly, the enforcement of leadership, under which leaders punish defectors, can facilitate global cooperation such that it accounts for a higher fraction than ethnocentrism in equilibrium state. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.