How do we improve techniques in robotic surgery?

摘要

The foundations of surgeon controlled, robot assisted surgery were laid with the establishment of the first radical prostatectomy program in the United States approximately a decade ago.1 Subsequent years have seen a revolution in the treatment of urological cancer, a revolution that expanded rapidly beyond the boundaries of the discipline of urology. The robot is a staggeringly sophisticated tool, much as a Gulfstrearn? jet is a mode of transportation.2 However, a Gulfstream is only as good as its pilot. How do you learn to pilot the robot without putting the patient at risk?