ADHD and Motor Control: A Review of the Motor Control Deficiencies Associated With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Current Treatment Options

摘要

A common trait in individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is reduced motor control and function; studies have found motor control deficiencies in 30-50% of children with ADHD, depending on the method of measurement. Studies have documented several notable differences in the brains of individuals with ADHD compared to age-matched controls, most of which are in areas responsible for executive and motor control. Differences have been observed in the prefrontal cortex, the frontostriatal region, and the cerebellum. The current literature indicates that individuals with ADHD have increased movement variability and decreased movement accuracy; however, movement speed does not seem to be affected. Motor control deficiencies are prominent among individuals with ADHD, yet few treatment options are available. Current research indicates that the use of an external sensory stimulus can reduce the motor control deficiencies seen in children and adolescents with ADHD.