Influence of Active Elements of a Operated Medium and External Actions on the Physical Nature and Mechanism of Formation of Nanostructured Wear-Resistant Materials in Zone of Contact of Metals at Friction

摘要

Nanostructural materials, which are formed in structural phase transformations within the metal surface layers due to the friction in active mediums with active chemical elements and additional external influence of current pulses, are investigated by methods of local x-ray analysis, transmission electron and optical microscopies, x-ray, photoelectron (XPS), and Auger electron spectroscopies, mechanical testing by dynamical penetration of indenter. As shown, nanostructural metal layers with high physicomechanical characteristics and heat fastness, which decrease the friction coefficient and rate of wear of metal systems, are formed on the friction surfaces only at special ratio of initial-alloys' chemical elements and additional alloying elements. Both initial alloys and operated environment with active chemical elements, which are able to intensively saturate the surface material microvolumes deformed by friction and sufficiently influence to their behaviour, could be their source. As revealed, the saturation of a metal deformed by friction with active chemical lubricant-liquid elements decreases the energy of transition of contacting material microvolumes into quasi-liquid structure-unstable state, in which nanostructural surface layers are formed. As shown, applying current pulses provides the possibility to reach the critical power of external influences, at which a qualitative state change of metal bonded to the contact spots occurs with forming of nanostructural friction layer having electronic and atomic structures, which allow reaching an abnormal low friction coefficient.