Measurement method and emission characteristics of particulate matter

摘要

The Committee of Marine Air Pollution (MAP) was established by the Japan Institution of Marine Engineering and has worked for the investigation of air pollutants from ships including Particulate Matter (PM). In the previous years, MAP has aimed to summarize the features of PM measurement methods and the emission characteristics of PM from marine diesel engines. Among the major PM measurement methods which several countries and international organizations have prescribed, MAP recommends the Partial Dilution Method because almost all components of PM are captured by the method. However, the method has little adaptability for on-boad or real-time measurement so that other methods with portable apparatus have also been investigated. PM showed different emission characteristics between four-stroke and two-stroke engines. PM emission from four-stroke engine was minimized at middle engine loads while PM emission from two-stroke engine rose with an increase in engine loads. In addition, the ratio of Soluble Organic Fraction (SOF) in PM was lowered with an increase in engine loads for four-stroke engine, which is expected to be due to the change of excess aie ratio with the increase in engine loads. On the other hand, SOF/PM ratio showed no considerable change for two-stroke engine, which suggests PM emission from two-stroke engines would be caused by the consumption of cylinder oil. In addition to the study by shop test, on-board measurements have also been performed to measure PM emission characteristics from cruising ship. The onboard test showed almost same characteristics to the result of shop test.