Analysis of Z-R relation for snowfall using radar, lidar, and electronic balance

摘要

Relationship between radar reflectivity factor (Z) and snowfall rate (R) is important in analyzing radiowave attenuation and propagation. In this paper, a new snowfall observation system and techniques are proposed to determine the detailed Z - R relation for snowfall. The instruments used in this study include a microwave radar, an optical lidar, an imaging system and a high accuracy electronic balance. Effects of size distribution and fall velocity of snow particles on the Z - R relationship were examined. The best-fit Z - R relation for each snowfall event was calculated. The lidar backscatter was used as main indicator of transitions in cloud conditions.