Collaborative hypertension case management by registered nurses and clinical pharmacy specialists within the Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACT) model

摘要

BACKGROUND: Clinical Pharmacy Specialists (CPSs) and Registered Nurses (RNs) are integrally involved in the Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACT) model, especially as physician extenders in the management of chronic disease states. CPSs may be an alternative to physicians as a supporting prescriber for RN case management (RNCM) of poorly controlled hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To compare CPS-directed versus physician-directed RNCM for patients with poorly controlled hypertension. DESIGN: Non-randomized, retrospective comparison of a natural experiment. SETTING: A large Midwestern Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center. INTERVENTION: Utilizing CPSs as alternatives to physicians for directing RNCM of poorly controlled hypertension. PATIENTS: All 126 patients attended RNCM appointments for poorly controlled hypertension between 20 September 2011 and 31 October 2011 with either CPS or physician involvement in the clinical decision making. Patients were excluded if both a CPS and a physician were involved in the index visit, or they were enrolled in Home Based Primary Care, or if they displayed non-adherence to the plan. MAIN MEASURES: All data were obtained from review of electronic medical records. Outcomes included whether a patient received medication intensification at the index visit, and as the main measure, blood pressures between the index and next consecutive visit. KEY RESULTS: All patients had medication intensification. Patients receiving CPS-directed RNCM had greater decreases in systolic blood pressure compared to those receiving physician-directed RNCM (14±13 mmHg versus 10±11 mmHg; p=0.04). After adjusting for the time between visits, initial systolic blood pressure, and prior stroke, provider type was no longer significant (p=0.24). Change in diastolic blood pressure and attainment of blood pressure < 140/90 mm Hg were similar between groups (p=0.93, p=0.91, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CPS-directed and physician-directed RNCM for hypertension demonstrated similar blood pressure reduction. These results support the utilization of CPSs as prescribers to support RNCM for chronic diseases.