Melioidosis, an infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, can present as severe septicemia or localized infection. Data on optimum antibiotic treatment regimen for localized melioidosis in children is limited. This is a report on localized melioidosis in children, regarding clinical presentation, treatment and the long-term outcomes. We reviewed 37 cases of localized melioidosis in children treated between 1994 and 2006 and followed up them prospectively until 1 October 2007. The two most common presentations were skin/soft tissue infections and suppurative parotitis. Oral eradication antibiotics after initial parenteral therapy included trimetroprim-sulfamethoxazole (10 patients) and trimetroprim-sulfamethoxazole in combination with doxycycline (four patients). Patients who did not get any parenteral antibiotics for B. pseudomallei were treated with oral trimetroprim-sulfamethoxazole (10 patients) and trimetroprim-sulfamethoxazole in combination with doxycycline (one patient). No adverse effects were reported. We were able to follow-up 32 patients, all recovered except one patient reported a history of possible relapse.
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