Normative data for regional sweat sodium concentration and whole-body sweating rate in athletes

摘要

The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for regional sweat sodium concentration ([ Na+]) and wholebody sweating rate in athletes. Data from 506 athletes ( 367 adults, 139 youth; 404 male, 102 female) were compiled from observational athlete testing for a retrospective analysis. The participants were skill/ team- sport ( including American football, baseball, basketball, soccer and tennis) and endurance ( including cycling, running and triathlon) athletes exercising in cool to hot environmental conditions ( 15- 50 degrees C) during training or competition in the laboratory or field. A standardised regional absorbent patch technique was used to determine sweat [ Na+] on the dorsal mid-forearm. Whole- body sweat [ Na+] was predicted using a published regression equation ( y = 0.57x+ 11.05). Whole- body sweating rate was calculated from pre- to post- exercise change in body mass, corrected for fluid/ food intake ( ad libitum) and urine output. Data are expressed as mean +/- SD ( range). Forearm sweat [ Na+] and predicted wholebody sweat [ Na+] were 43.6 +/- 18.2 ( 12.6- 104.8) mmol center dot L- 1 and 35.9 +/- 10.4 ( 18.2- 70.8) mmol center dot L- 1, respectively. Absolute and relative whole- body sweating rates were 1.21 +/- 0.68 ( 0.26- 5.73) L center dot h- 1 and 15.3 +/- 6.8 ( 3.3- 69.7) ml center dot kg- 1 center dot h- 1, respectively. This retrospective analysis provides normative data for athletes' forearm and predicted whole- body sweat [ Na+] as well as absolute and relative whole- body sweating rate across a range of sports and environmental conditions.