Will the retiring baby boomers return to rural periphery?

摘要

Many belonging to large post-war age cohorts in the western countries moved from rural areas to larger industrializing cities. They retire soon and can consider moving back to the childhood places. This article studies these baby boomers and the issues about their return to peripheral rural areas. The case regards one rural municipality, Ristijarvi, in the remote Northeastern Finland. Despite ageing of local population, Ristijarvi aims to attract new elderly inhabitants with the Seniorpolis project. The entire baby boom generation of Ristijarvi municipality was studied. A questionnaire was answered by 313 people born in Ristijarvi in 1946-1955 and who live now elsewhere in Finland. Answers were analyzed with cross tables and factor analysis. Additional phone interview was held with 66 considering return migration. Furthermore, local policies to attract the elderly (return) migrants were analyzed. Potential elderly return migrants with spouse can reach up to tenth of current municipal population.Of the respondents 3% expressed their wish to return and 19% could live part-time in Ristijarvi. Remained contacts and summer cottage in Ristijarvi and wish to live in rural areas influence positively on returning. Those interested in returning seek clean nature, peaceful environment, security, detached houses with beautiful setting, lower housing costs and landscapes of home region. Elderly and their return migration should be conceptualized further. Return migration can be a trigger for local development as presented in the public-private initiative the Seniorpolis. However, local elderly policies should be analyzed carefully and promoted those projects having long-term positive impact.