Peripheral eotaxin-1 (CCL11) levels and mood disorder diagnosis in a population-based sample of young adults

摘要

C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11) - or eotaxin-1 - is a small cytokine originally associated with chemotaxis (Van Coillie, Van Damme, & Opdenakker, 1999). CCL11 has a potent chemo attractant effect on eosinophils (hence eotaxin), inducing their accumulation at allergic inflammation sites. Neurons and glia both exhibit chemokine receptors, which lead to the interest in the effect of these cytokines in the CNS; furthermore, activation of the CCR3 receptor by CCL11 inhibits neural stem cell proliferation in the hippocampus (Krathwohl and Kaiser, 2004). Indeed, circulating CCL11, when increased, has been very convincingly demonstrated in a series of elegant experiments to cause the characteristic deficits in synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and cognition that are associated with aging (Villeda et al, 2011). Further recent work suggests that CCL11 can influence neurogenesis through an impact on brain cytokine networks (Mendelsohn and Larrick, 2011). This chemokine inhibits IL-4 activity, providing another route whereby CCL11 can have an indirect impact on the brain (Derecki et al., 2010). This is relevant because it provides a level of explanation that ties central nervous system pathophysiology to the systemic milieu (Kapczinski et al., 2010; Villeda and Wyss-Coray, 2013).