An ethnic comparison of nutritional patterns and health habits in elderly patients with diabetes.

摘要

30 patients, including 10 African American (AA), 10 Caucasians (C), and 10 Hispanics (H) with diabetes, aged 65-80, were recruited to identify potential ethnic differences that may affect risk for the development of diabetes and its complications. The 3 groups did not differ significantly in age, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, or fasting and 90 min. response to a sustacal challenge for blood glucose and C-peptide. Glycohaemoglobin levels ranged from 4.6-16.7% with group means: AA-11.6%, C-9.3%, H-10.2%, (P<0.07). 25% of patients had made repeated efforts at weight loss and 67% reported brisk walking regularly. 17% were unable to exercise. Half of the patients had been regular smokers but no one currently smoked. Food intake data from 24-hrecords and food frequency questionnaires modified for ethnicity produced somewhat problematic results as energy intakes had poor correlation with BMI. Unsaturated fats for H averaged 30 g compared with 45 g for C and 65 g for AA (P<0.02). This data suggests the possibility of more incomplete reporting by H and also that currently available Hispanic recipes may underestimate the fat content used. AA reported higher saturated fat intake than the other 2 groups. It is concluded that nutritional patternsin fat intake may differ by ethnicity. Elderly patients with diabetes report modification of behavioural risk factors that may have contributed to their longevity. Increased information on ethnic foods and habits may lead to an approach to nutritional intervention in elderly patients with diabetes.