Antimicrobial Activities of Basidiocarp of Some Basidiomycetes Strains against Bacteria and Fungi

摘要

Synthetic chemicals used to control plant disease can cause carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, high and acute residual toxicity and other side effects on human (Unnikrishnan and Nath, 2002). Resistance development within the population of pathogen due to the application of these fungicides is also becoming a significant problem (Dianz et al, 2002) to reduce losses incurred by post harvest pathogens there exists a need for alternative strategies that are perceived as safe by the public and pose negligible risk to humans and environment (Wilsson and Wisniewski, 1989). Phyto-compounds are expected to be far more advantageous than chemicals as they are biodegradable in nature, non-pollutants and posses no residual phytotoxic properties thus these naturalproducts have potential to be safe fungicides to replace the synthetic ones (Oladunmoye and Dada, 2007). Antimicrobial activities of basidiomycete strains from different countries were emphasized. Suay (2000) reported diverse antibiotic activity in mycelial cultures of 204 macrofungi species. Forty-five percent of 317 isolate inhibited growth of a wide variety of microorganisms. Similarly, Rosa (2003) detected 14 mushroom isolates with significant activity against one or more of the target microorganisms. Zjawiony (2004) observed that 75% of polypore fungi that have been tested show strong antimicrobial activity. Screening of basidiomycetes strains revealed significant and strong antibacterial activity (Said and Mustafa, 2008). However, antibiotics from macro fungi still remain unexplored. We investigated on the antifungal activity of Coprinus comatus (O.F. Mull.) Pers. (Agaricaceae), Ganoderma carnosum Pat. (Ganodermataceae), Lenzites betulina (L.) Fr. Polyporus arcularius (Batsch) Fr. (Polyporaceae) and Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.) Murrill, against pathogenic microorganisms.