广西北部湾海洋腐木产孢真菌的分离鉴定和抗菌活性菌株筛选

摘要

采集广西北部湾钦州附近月亮湾、钦州港和茅尾海海域海洋腐木，采用稀释法分离纯化得到32株产孢真菌，对真菌的菌落、孢子和菌丝形态进行研究，32株真菌可被分为5种真菌类型，其中第I、II和III种类型的真菌仅分离于月亮湾，第IV和V种类型在3个样品采集地均有分离．通过ITS基因测序表明，32株真菌为5个不同的种，其分别属于子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和接合菌门（Zy-gomycota），可以确定种属的包括伞状霉属（Umbelopsis）和青霉菌属（Penicillium），其中分离的青霉菌属在数量上具有优势，占分离菌株总数的75％，属于优势种属．采用4种指示菌大肠杆菌（E.coli）、蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）、烟草节杆菌（Arthrobacter nicotianae）、副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）检测抑菌活性，发现两株伞状霉属真菌Umbelopsis sp．B10和Umbelopsis sp．B9菌丝体提取物对四种指示菌均具有较强的抑制作用，另外两株青霉属真菌Penicillium sp．A5和Peni-cillium sp．B7的菌丝浸出物分别对革兰氏阳性细菌和革兰氏阴性副溶血弧菌具有较强的抑制活性．本研究为首次报道广西北部湾海洋腐木真菌及其抗菌活性．%Wood-rotting fungi from ocean is an important source of novel fungal species and biologically active sec-ondary metabolites.In our research,rotten woods from Yueliang Bay,Qinzhou harbour and Maowei sea of Beibu Gulf were collected,and 32 fungi were isolated using gradient diluted separation method.Five fungi were identified based on characterization of fungal colonies,spores and some sporangia.Among them,three (morphological typeⅠ、Ⅱ and Ⅲ)were only isolated from Yueliang Bay,and the other two (morphological typeⅣandⅤ)were isola-ted from all the sampling sites.These fungi belonged to 5 taxa and 2 phylum (Ascomycota and Zygomycota)ac-cording to ITS sequence and phylogenetic reconstruction assay and closely matching to the known Genus Penicilli-um,and Umbelopsis in GenBank Database,and the most abundant taxa were Penicillium (account for 75%).U-sing E.coli,Bacillus cereus,Arthrobacter nicotianae,Vibrio parahaemolyticus as testing strains,the extract from hy-pha of Umbelopsis sp.B10 and B9 showed strong inhibiting activity against these bacteria,and Penicillium sp.A5 and B7 inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria of the tested strains and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Our re-search is the first report of wood-rotting fungi and their antibacterial activity from Beibu Gulf in China.