Novel 1,3-Disubstituted 8-(l-benzyl-lH-pyrazol-4-yl) Xanthines: High Affinity and Selective A_(2B) Adenosine Receptor Antagonists

摘要

Adenosine has been suggested to induce bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthmatics,which is believed to be an A_(2B) adenosine receptor (AdoR) mediated pathway.We hypothesize that a selective,high-affinity A_(2B) AdoR antagonist may provide therapeutic benefit in the treatment of asthma.In an attempt to identify a high-affinity,selective antagonist for the A_(2B) AdoR,we synthesized 8-(C-4-pyrazolyl) xanthines.Compound 22,8-(lH-pyrazol-4-yl)-l,3-dipropyl xanthine,is a N-l unsubstituted pyrazole derivative that has favorable binding affinity (K_i = 9 nM) for the A_(2B) AdoR,but it is only 2-fold selective versus the A_1 AdoR.Introduction of a benzyl group at the N-l-pyrazole position of 22 resulted in 19,which had moderate selectivity.The initial focus of the SAR study was on the preparation of substituted benzyl derivatives of 19 because the corresponding phenyl,phenethyl,and phenpropyl derivatives showed a decrease in A_(2B) AdoR affinity and selectivity relative to 19.The preferred substitution on the phenyl ring of 19 contains an electron-withdrawing group,specifically F or CF3 at the m-position,as in 33 and 36 respectively,increases the selectivity while retaining the affinity for the A_(2B) AdoR.Exploring disubstitutions on the phenyl ring of derivatives 33 and 36 led to the 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl derivative 50,which retained the A_(2B) AdoR affinity but enhanced the selectivity relative to 36.After optimization of the substitution on the 8-pyrazole xanthine,1,3-disubstitution of the xanthine core was explored with methyl,ethyl,butyl,and isobutyl groups.In comparison to the corresponding dipropyl analogues,the smaller 1,3-dialkyl groups (methyl and ethyl) increased the A_(2B) AdoR binding selectivity of the xanthine derivatives while retaining the affinity.However,the larger 1,3-dialkyl groups (isobutyl and butyl) resulted in a decrease in both A_(2B) AdoR affinity and selectivity.This final SAR optimization led to the discovery of 1,3-dimethyl derivative 60,8-(l-(3-(trifluoromethyl) benzyl)-lH-pyrazol-4-yl)- 1,3-dimethyl xanthine,a high-affinity (K_i = 1 nM) A_(2B) AdoR antagonist with high selectivity (990-,690-,and 1000-) for the human A-1,A_(2A),and A_3 AdoRs.