Application of sheep manure in saline-sodic soils of Northeast China 1-effect on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and yield components.

摘要

Soil salinity and sodicity is a major impediment to sustainable agriculture worldwide. The need to understand the poultry manure as saline-sodic soils amendment has been further aggravated in the recent scenario of environmental problems associated with poultry waste. A plot experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield and yield components response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Changbai 9) to the application of sheep manure on saline-sodic soils in 2009. The treatments were highly saline-sodic soils (control), sheep manure added at the rate of 20 t ha-1 (SM1), 40 t ha-1 (SM2) and 60 t ha-1 (SM3). In SM2 treament, the grain yield of Changbai 9 were significant higher than Control, maximum grain yield were obtained with treatment SM2 (1008 kg ha-1), followed by SM1 (801 kg ha-1), Control (679 kg ha-1) and SM3 (580 kg ha-1). But, there was no statistically significant difference among SM1, SM2 and Control. Sheep manure added at the rate 60 t ha-1 did not increase the yield of rice but was 14.6% lower than Control. Analogously, straw weight had the same ranking as the yield. SM1 and SM2 treatment resulted in 31% and 79% higher straw weight compared to the control, respectively. But SM3 treatment resulted in 11% lower straw weight than control. Sheep manure had a smaller, but not significant effect on filled spikelet percentage, number of spikelets m-2, number of panicles m-1, spikelet weight m-2 and harvest index of Changbai 9. The grain yield of Changbai 9 was positively correlated with the above indices. In terms of grain yield and yield components, SM2 had the best amelioration effect. Calculated from this experiment, in the high pH paddy saline-sodic soils, sheep manure as once-off application may not apply excessively to avoid manure toxicity. The most economical application rate of sheep manure added was 40 t ha-1 for the type of saline-sodic soils in Northeast China.