Change of Parameters of Functioning of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems in Rats of Different Ages under Effects of Low Doses of the Cholinesterase Inhibitor Phosphacol

摘要

In the 4-day old rat pups and adult animals there were studied effects of subacute and acute phosphacol intoxication at the doses producing and not producing inhibition of aetylcholinesterase on ECG parameters and respiration rate.Analysis of the heart rhythm variability(HRV)was performed using an original program designed in the Labview media.The frequency diapason of cardiointervals was divided as follows:the high-frequency component(HF)-0.8-2.5 Hz,the low-frequency(LF,waves of the II order)-0.8-0.3 Hz;frequencies lower than 0.3 Hz-VLF(slow waves of the III order).Under the conditions of the subacute intoxication the heart rate frequency in the 4-day old and in adult rats increases by 36% and 13%,respectively,the respiration rate frequency increases by 73% in the newborn and does not change in adult rats.The VHR analysis indicates an increase of the tone of the parasympathetic nervous system.The level of the sympathetic activity somewhat increases in adults,but decreases in the 5-day old rat pups,which leads to an essential shift of the vagosympathetic balance towards predominance of parasympathetic influences.In adult rats,unlike the newborns,the role of the humoral-metabolic factors in regulation of the cardiac rhythm and vasomotor reactions increases significantly.Remarkably,the decrease of the nervous sympathetic effects in the rat pups leads to the positive chronotropic effect and stabilization of the cardiac rhythm.Acute phosphacol intoxication(doses of 0.25 and 1 ug/kg)is studied in the 4-day old rat pups.The low dose of the drug leads to development of a moderate bradycardia without disturbances of the cardiac rhythm.The high phosphacol dose produces pronounced bradycardia;on its background there develops a long-term transitory arrhythmia representing complexes of the heart rhythm,which alternate in the decasecond or nearminute rhythm and are separated by periodicity that is one order slower.We observed such rhythm earlier during activation of central N-cholinoreactive structures and development ofbilateral pneumothorax.Results of the present study allow stating the paradoxical heart rhythm not as agonic,non-peculiar to the "living" organism,but as a special form of functioning of cardiac pacemakers due to disturbances of the heart regulatory mechanism.