Thyroid nodule and differentiated thyroid cancer management in pregnancy. An Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME) and Italian Thyroid Association (AIT) Joint Statement for Clinical Practice.

摘要

Adaptation of the thyroid gland during pregnancy Many physiologic changes involving the thyroid gland occur during pregnancy. Iodine requirements increase due to the elevated renal iodine clearance, iodine transfer to the fetal compartment, augmented levels of serum T_4-binding globulin, and inner-ring deiodination of T_4 and T_3 exerted by placenta (1). These changes are associated with an increase of thyroid hormones production by about 1.5-fold and an increase in iodine requirements by about 50% with a consequent augmented thyroid activity (1).