Difficult intravenous access: Reverse Esmarch bandaging in the ambulatory setting

摘要

Difficult intravenous (IV) access may be a concern encountered by anesthesiologists in everyday practice. Peripheral venous catheter placement may be difficult, especially at the extremes of age or if the patient is obese, dark skinned, an IV drug abuser, hypotensive, or has multiple injuries limiting the number of limbs available [1]. Various methods have been used to obtain IV access, including use of warming devices, ultrasound, and Doppler and blood pressure cuffs.