Cardiac and Abdominal Pheochromocytomas: Anesthetic Management for a Combined Cardiac and Hepatobiliary Procedure

摘要

Pheochromocytomas are functionally active tumors arising from chromaffin cells. They produce and secrete biogenic amines. The majority of pheochromocytomas are intra-adrenal, with only 10% to 20% found outside the adrenal medulla.(1) Pheochromocytomas are a rare cause of hypertension (0.1%-0.6%)(2) and are familial in 15% to 20% of cases. The incidence of metastatic pheochromocytomas varies between 3% and 36% as summarized by Pacalc et al.(3) Mediastinal paragangliomas, however, are extremely uncommon, representing only 2% of all catecholamine-secreting tumors.(4)