Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of titanium surfaces cultured with osteoblast-like cells derived from human mandibular bone

摘要

Variations in the oxide films on titanium surfaces blasted with TiO_2 particles of various sizes were analyzed after cultures with cells derived from human mandibular bone. Turned titanium surfaces and surfaces blasted with 63-90-, 106-180-, and 180-300-mu m TiO_2 particles were cultured with osteoblast-like cells. The surfaces were characterized before and after the cell culture with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The surface chemical composition of selected samples was analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). EIS revealed that with respect to the turned surfaces, the effective surface area was about 5, 6, and 4 times larger on the surfaces blasted with 63-90-, 106-180-, and 180-300-mu m particles, respectively. After 28 days of the cell culture, the corrosion resistance on all sample types was unaffected. The impedance characteristics suggest a considerable effect of ion incorporation and precipitation during culturing. XPS revealed that before the cell culture, a typical surface layer consisted of TiO_2. After the culture, the surface oxide film contained both phosphorus and calcium, along with large amounts of oxidized carbon (carbonate) and nitrogen. There were lower concentrations of carbon and nitrogen on the blasted surfaces. We concluded that the effective surface area was several times higher on blasted surfaces than on turned surfaces. Cells derived from human mandibular bone affected ion incorporation into the implant surface.