Clinical presentation of multiple myeloma in Dakar (Senegal): about 71 cases

摘要

The multiple myeloma (MM) or Kahler disease is a clonal malignant proliferation of plasmocytes in bone marrow with monoclonal immuuoglobulin proliferation. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical presentation of MM in the Department of Internal Medicine of Dakar (Senegal).Patients and method: Tt is a descriptive study conducted over a period of eight years. Any patient who presented with biological, cytological, or histological criteria of MM was included in the study.Results: The average age at diagnosis was 55.7 years. Clinically, bone syndrome was found in 69% of the cases, and pathological fractures in 30.9% of the cases. Paraclinically, anemia was found in 51.1% of the patients, hyperprotidemy in 48.3%, hypercalcemia in 69%, and kidney disease in 28.6% of the cases. Electrophoresis of serum protein had revealed a high level of gammaglobulins in 55% of the cases. In urine samples, we noted the existence of light chains of lambda type in 80% and kappa type in 20% of cases.Conclusion: Clinical presentation of MM in Dakar showed that complications were present at the diagnosis; it reflects slow diagnosis and thus the management of the disease.