Experimental Analysis of Chromatin Transcription Activation during Induction of Morphogenesis in Mature Embryos of Winter and Spring Wheats in the Presence of a Protein Deacetylation Inhibitor

摘要

The outstanding geneticist Vavilov once wrote, "Vernalization not only changes the vegetative period and shifts growth phases, but also changes the technical properties of the plant. Vernalization seems to cause significant biochemical differences. Studies on chemical changes in vernalized varieties should be studied without delay." [1]. Proteolysis is known to be a form of biological control that ensures a rapid response to environmental changes. We previously analyzed Arg-X pro-teolysis at different stages of chromatin packing in wheat varieties Mironovskaya 808 and Mironovskaya Spring (winter and spring wheats, respectively). The standard frost-resistant Mironovskaya 808 has been transformed into Mironovskaya (spring) by "loosening the inheritance under the exposure to cold environment" [11]. The large-scale spatial DNA organization in the nucleus determines the accessibility of certain DNA sites to some regulatory factors and transcription enzymes; it plays an important role not only at the level of the triplet code, but also in the epigenetic mechanisms that operate at the level of N-terminal arginin and lysine residues not incorporated into the nucleosome globule [9]. In total, all the signals on the nucleosome surface promote the formationof a special epigenetic code referred to as the histone code [10]. Various proteins read this code to control condensation of a chromatin fibril and to participate somehow in replication, transcription, DNA repair, and other genetic processes. In the early 1970, Gladyshev's ideas [3] induced us to study histone modification in plants. Acetylation of nucleosome histones initiates chromatin activity and transcription [3]. This process was previously shown to be rapid and irreversible, but only recently did it become clear how many enzymes participate in this process.