Effect of the Observed Climate Changes and Extreme Weather Phenomena on the Emission Component of the Carbon Cycle in Different Ecosystems of the Southern Taiga Zone

摘要

Climate changes observed at present in a large part of Russia are expressed in both general raise of air temperature and increasing climate aridity [1]. Increased frequency and area of droughts are observed not only in regions with a forecasted decrease in precipitation, but also in areas where precipitation tends to increase due to climate changes [2]. The probability of this trend in the late 20th century was more than 66% and is retained in the 21st century [3]. The negative effect of the observedclimate change is the increase in probability of extreme weather phenomena. Simulation results show that the abnormally high temperatures that occurred once in 20 years in 1961—1990 in Europe will occur much more frequently (almost every year in southern Europe and every fifth year in Scandinavia) in the 21st century. The period of repetition of abnormally heavy precipitation over the same time in northern and central Europe during the summer period is reduced from 20 to 6— 10 years; in Scandinavia during the winter period, to 2-4 years [4].