Vernolide-A, a sesquiterpene lactone from Vernonia cinema, induces apoptosis in B16F-10 melanoma cells by modulating p53 and caspase-3 gene expressions and regulating NF-kB-mediated bcl-2 activation

摘要

In this study, we investigated the effect of vernolide-A on the induction of apoptosis as well as its regulatory effect on the activation of transcription factors in B16F-10 melanoma cells. Treatment of B16F-10 cells with nontoxic concentrations of vernolide-A showed the presence of. apoptotic bodies and induced DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner. Cell-cycle analysis and TUNEL assays also confirmed the observation. The proapoptotic genes, p53, Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3, were upregulated in vernolide-A-treated cells, whereas the antiapoptotic gene, Bd-2, was downregulated. vernolide-A treatment also showed a downregulation of cyclin D1 expression and upregulated p21 and p27 gene expression in B16F-10 melanoma cells. The study also reveals that vernolide-A treatment could alter the production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines and could inhibit the activation and nuclear translocation of p65, p50, and c-Rel subunits of nuclear factor-KB and other transcription factors, such as c-fos, activated transcription factor-2, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response-element-binding protein in B16F-10 melanoma cells.These results suggest that vernolide-A induces apoptosis via activation of p53-induced, cospase-3-mediated proapoptotic signaling and suppression of NF-KB-induced, bcl-2-mediated survival signaling.