Regulation of Stem Cells by Intersecting Gradients of Long-Range Niche Signals

摘要

We have used Drosophila ovarian follicle stem cells (FSCs) to study how stem cells are regulated by external signals and draw three main conclusions. First, the spatial definition of supportive niche positions for FSCs depends on gradients of Hh and JAK-STAT pathway ligands, which emanate from opposite, distant sites. FSC position may be further refined by a preference for low-level Wnt signaling. Second, hyperactivity of supportive signaling pathways can compensate for the absence of the otherwise essential adhesion molecule, DE-cadherin, suggesting a close regulatory connection between niche adhesion and niche signals. Third, FSC behavior is determined largely by summing the inputs of multiple signaling pathways of unequal potencies. Altogether, our findings indicate that a stem cell niche need not be defined by short-range signals and invariant cell contacts; rather, for FSCs, the intersection of gradients of long-range niche signals regulates the longevity, position, number, and competitive behavior of stem cells. A specific extracellular environment, or niche, generally regulates the location, number, and behavior of adult stem cells. For Drosophila follicle stem cells (FSCs), this is achieved by the intersection of long-range gradients of Hedgehog, JAK-STAT, and Wnt pathway ligands. These and other inputs are summed to determine FSC competitive behavior.