Epidemiology and molecular mechanisms tying obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome with cancer.

摘要

It is well recognized that the world is witnessing an epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Numerous studies have shown that both obesity and T2D are associated with an increased risk for developing many of the common epithelial cancers as well as an increased risk of cancer-related mortality. There are many factors that are commonly associated with obesity, T2D, and the metabolic syndrome; these include lifestyle factors such as diet and physical inactivity and biological factors such as abdominal obesity, increased inflammation, dyslipide-mia, hyperglycemia, and altered hormone and adipokine levels. Human, animal, and in vitro cell studies have examined the potential contribution of many of these factors to the development and growth of multiple cancers. In this review, we will present the epidemiological evidence for this association and then discuss the multiple factors that may play a role in the increased cancer risk and mortality in individuals with obesity, T2D, and the metabolic syndrome.