Granulomatous reaction to hyaluronic acid: A case series and review of the literature

摘要

Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are widely used for facial rejuvenation and soft tissue augmentation. HA filling is second to neuromodulators in the top five nonsurgical cosmetic procedures.1 HA is a polysaccharide consisting of repeated d-glucuronic acid and D-N-acetylglucosamine disac-charide units. Because the chemical structure is the same in all species, implant rejection and immune reactions are low