Minimum guidelines and standards for wilderness first aid

摘要

Wilderness emergencies may require you to recognize and cope with a variety of medical problems or environmental hazards, improvise bandages or splints for injuries to different parts of the body, or extricate and carry victims from difficult terrain as well as water. All of these topics and skills were included in American Red Cross Standard First Aid & Personal Safety, 2nd Edition, published in 1979.l American Red Cross Advanced First Aid & Emergency Care, 2nd Edition,2 used in the courses taught until 1993, also included techniques for extricating a victim with spinal" injuries from water and lowering from a height-skills not found even in urban emergency medical technician (EMT) courses. But students in most urban Basic First Aid courses today practice no skills except a pressure bandage for bleeding control, using a dummy EpiPen, and perhaps applying a simple splint. And students in 60-hour Emergency Medical Response courses practice only a fraction of the skills that were taught in Advanced First Aid.