Modern plants use vertically-split centrifugal pumps for high-pressure services. New high-pressure pumps are designed with special focus on critical areas such as rotordynamics, performance, potential excitations, safety, reliability, auxiliary systems, fabrication processes, and seals. A vertically-split casing with a heavy-bolted head is a normal design for high-pressure pump applications. The heavy-bolted head design can be used for many services, but this design could not be practical for very high pressures because there is not enough space on the pump head for the heavy bolts required. The commonly used configuration for very high-pressure applications is a shear-ring cover-head that eliminates the bolts at the pump head. The end-covers are retained by the shear-ring segments. The casing of very high pressure pumps is often forged from a suitable grade of steel.
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