The flora of the Phlegrean Fields (Gulf of Pozzuoli, Campania, Italy).

摘要

A survey of the flora of the volcanic area of the Phlegrean Fields (northwest of the city of Naples) in Campania, Italy, was carried out. Some 748 taxa were recorded, including 89 new taxa for the Phlegrean Fields. Bidens bipinnata, Orobanche arenaria and Cortaderia selloana are new records for Campania (the latter may be a casual alien escaped from garden cultivations). A total of 626 previously recorded taxa were not found during the investigation. This heavy species loss probably reflects the extensive disturbance by humans which, since the second half of the 20th Century, has increased much more in this area than elsewhere in the Gulf of Naples. The analysis of life forms and phytochorological spectra showed that the flora of the Phlegrean Fields was dominated by Therophytes (41%) and Mediterranean species (44.2%). Compared to other areas of the Bay of Naples, a very low percentage of Italian endemics (1.6%) was found. This is probably related to disturbance by human. The high number of recorded Eurasian species (17.7%), in respect to that occurring on the islands in this district of the Thyrrenian sea confirms the tendency of this category to increase in the mainland. Cosmopolitan and widespread species (32.9%) were as numerous as in the other non-calcareous districts of the Bay of Naples. The flora of the Phlegrean Fields, as well as that of the Neapolitan coastal belt, appeared to be more affected by continentality than by altitude..