Difficult to swallow: warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a Jehovah's Witness treated with hemoglobin concentrate complicated by achalasia

摘要

BACKGROUNDThe acute treatment of severe warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) is focused on maximizing the oxygen delivery capacity of the patient's circulation and reversal of the underlying autoimmune process. The most effective means of preventing ischemic injury acutely is replacement of red blood cells (RBCs) via allogeneic RBC transfusion. However, in cases where this is not an option, other strategies must be considered including the use of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs).