Three to five million children from among one billion with gastroenteritis die annually worldwide. The etiologic agent in developed countries is viral in 15-60% of cases, while in developing countries, bacteria and parasites are frequently reported as the etiologic factors. Neurologic signs including convulsion are seen in some cases of diarrhea. This study aimed to investigate the etiology, risk factors and short-term prognosis of gastroenteritis with convulsion. During a case-control study, 100 patients with gastroenteritis were enrolled into the case and control groups on the basis of convulsion or no convulsion development, respectively. This study was conducted in Tabriz Children's Hospital from March 2004 to March 2007. The age of patients ranged from 2 months to 7 years, and the groups were age- and sex-matched. Body temperature (BT), severity and type of dehydration, stool exam and culture, past history of convulsion in the patient and first-degree relatives, electrolyte imbalance, and short-term prognosis were studied and compared. The mean weight of groups was not different, while the frequency of fever at the time of admission, past history of febrile convulsion in first-degree relatives and severity of dehydration were significantly higher in the case group (p < 0.001). The BT of the case group on admission was higher than in the control group (39.01+/- 0.80 vs. 37.52 +/- 0.67 degrees C; p < 0.001). Past history of febrile convulsion in the patient, shigellosis and antibiotic usage were also significantly higher in the case group (p = 0.025, p = 0.014 and p = 0.001). Convulsion mostly occurred in mild gastroenteritis accompanied with fever and positive history of febrile convulsion in first-degree relatives. History of febrile convulsion in the patient and shigellosis were associated with development of convulsion in patients with gastroenteritis. No significant electrolyte imbalance was observed in patients with gastroenteritis experiencing febrile convulsion.
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机译：全世界每年死于十亿胃肠炎中的三到五百万儿童。发达国家的病因是病毒的15-60％，而在发展中国家，细菌和寄生虫经常被报告为病因。在腹泻的某些情况下，会出现包括抽搐在内的神经系统症状。本研究旨在探讨惊厥性胃肠炎的病因，危险因素和短期预后。在病例对照研究中，根据惊厥或无惊厥发展分别将100例胃肠炎患者纳入病例组和对照组。这项研究于2004年3月至2007年3月在大不里士儿童医院进行。患者年龄为2个月至7岁，年龄和性别相匹配。研究和比较了体温（BT），脱水的严重程度和类型，大便检查和文化，患者和一级亲属过去的抽搐史，电解质紊乱和短期预后。各组的平均体重没有差异，而入组时发烧的频率，一级亲属的高热惊厥史和脱水严重程度则明显高于对照组（p <0.001）。入院时病例组的BT高于对照组（39.01 +/- 0.80 vs. 37.52 +/- 0.67°C; p <0.001）。患者过去的高热惊厥史，志贺氏菌病和抗生素的使用在病例组中也显着更高（p = 0.025，p = 0.014和p = 0.001）。抽搐多发生于轻度胃肠炎，伴有发烧和一级亲属发热性抽搐阳性史。患者的高热惊厥史和志贺菌病与胃肠炎患者的惊厥发展有关。在发生高热惊厥的胃肠炎患者中未观察到明显的电解质失衡。
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