For those new to hydroforming in the 1990s, TPJ-The Tube & Pipe Journal proved to be an invaluable resource. The technology had been used in manufacturing for many decades at that point, for products such as musical instruments and plumbing components, but it was only recently, in the 1990s, that it was proven to be viable for automotive applications. One of the earliest uses of hydroforming for an automotive component was in 1994, when it was used to produce the engine cradle for the Ford Contour~R and Mercury Mystique~R.
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