First estimates of human skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise, utilizing the ~(133)Xe clearance method in the sixties, left humans looking rather inadequate compared to other mammals, but suggested cardiac output was well matched with potential skeletal muscle demand. In this light, it was somewhat of a surprise when, in 1977, the addition of intense arm cranking, which presumably increased total demand for skeletal muscle blood flow, reduced blood flow in the exercising legs (Secher & Volianitis, 2006).
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