What are our moral duties? Critical reflections on clinical equipoise and publication ethics, clinical choices, and moral theory

摘要

Since action for itself requires a particular content and a determinate end, whereas duty in the abstract contains nothing of the kind, the question arises: what is duty? For this definition [Bestimmung], all that is available so far is this: to do right, and to promote welfare, one's own welfare and welfare in its universal determination, the welfare of others. (Hegel, 1991 [1821], 161, §134)