Reply by the Authors

摘要

Ureteral stricture is one of the most serious complication of ureterorenoscopy (URS). The etiology is multifactorial and not well understood, and a multitude of factors has been implicated, including direct mechanical trauma, relative ischemia from the use of large-caliber instruments, and thermal injury. This complication has been less prevalent in recent reports owing to the use of smaller caliber instruments, flexible equipment, and meticulous techniques, that_ .reduce mucosal injury.