Phytosanitary situation in agrocenoses of potato in Belarus.

摘要

Domestic potato cultivars occupy more than 80% of potato fields in Belarus. The growth of resistant cultivars solves the problem of potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) and potato wart disease (Synchytrium endobioticum). Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), as well as wiere-worms (Elateridae) and aphids as vectors of viral infections threatens potato cultivation in the region. Streptomyces spp., Helminthosporium solani, Rhizoctonia solani and potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) were the most dominant fungi infecting potatoes, whereas Erwinia carotovora spp. atroseptica (black leg) was most dominant bacteria infecting seed potatoes. The expansion of cultivar composition raised the agrocoenosis resistance of potatoes to weather fluctuations, and considerably reduced its susceptibility to noxious organisms. The major principle of protection does not include the destruction of noxious organisms, but the regulation of their mutual relations with the host-plant with the help of chemical products or biological control agents..