To help practicing electroplaters better cope with electroplating problems that occasionally happen in their plating lines, an attempt was made to analyze the causes of problems and offer answers in the most practical possible fashion. Because of the large number of possible plating variables and the complex nature of some electroplating systems, a generalized, systematic approach to troubleshooting is presented. For reasons of clarity, no theoretical explanations are offered and technical language is used in the simplest and most straightforward form. A decorative nickel/chromium system is used as an example, with the emphasis given to the preplating and nickel electroplating step sequences. Troubleshooting of the final chromium electroplating step is given elsewhere in detail.~1
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