Effect of different dates of sowing on incidence of root rot wilt complex of chickpea

摘要

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop grown in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world. India ranks first in terms of chickpea production 3nd consumption in the world. About 65 per cent of the global area with 68 per cent of global production is contributed by India. More than 50 pathogens have been reported to infect chickpea crop but only few cause economically important diseases. Wilt and root rot complex caused by several soil borne pathogens is the major yieldreducing malady. Among them, Fusarium wilt {Fusarium oxysponim f. sp. ciceri (Padwick) Snyd. & Hans), black root rot {Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc.), root rot {Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) and dry root rot {Sclerotium rolfsii) are of considerable importance(Nene et al., 1981). The problem of root rot wilt complex is widespread in several countries like India, Iran, Pakistan, Nepal, Burma, Spain, Mexico, Peru, Syria and USA (Nene et ai, 1989; Jalali and Chand, 1992). It is one of the important limiting factors of chickpea production in India. Early infection of the wilt complex pathogens resulted in death of plant, i.e. in total yield loss (Haware and Nene, 1980). In India, it has been reported from all the chickpea growing states and causes an annual loss of 10 per cent (Singh and Dahiya, 1973). The disease can affect the crop at any stage of growth. Early wilting causes 77- 94 per cent losses while late wilting causes 24- 65 per cent loss (Haware and Nene, 1980). The grain losses due to chickpea root rot wilt complex has been estimated to be around 10 per cent which amounts to approximately 520 thousand tonnes annually.